What is an elevator?
Elevators are mobile rooms used to move people and equipment for buildings and places with a large number of floors. The elevators are driven vertically by electric motors with the help of traction cables and cross-weight system.
Types of elevators
- Hydraulic elevators
- Traction elevators
- Winch elevators
- Magnetic elevators
- Workshop elevators
1- Hydraulic elevators
Hydraulic elevators are divided into two groups of wells and non-wells. The hydraulic elevator with the well contains a spool rope at the bottom of the elevator shaft. However, the non-shallow hydraulic elevator contains a piston on both sides of the cab, which is divided into three groups: rope hydraulic elevators, telescopic hydraulic elevators and non-telescopic hydraulic elevators.
-Rope hydraulic elevators
This type of elevator uses a combination of rope and a piston to move them. These elevators can move up to 60 feet.
Telescopic hydraulic elevators
In this type of elevator, telescopic pistons are fixed on top of the elevator shaft and have two or three telescopic pieces that can move up to 50 feet.
-Hydraulic elevators without telescope or non-telescopic
This model has a piston and can travel up to 20 feet high.
2. Traction elevators
The driving force in traction elevators is placed by an electric motor at the top of the elevator shaft or at the bottom next to the shaft, which is installed in the house motor.
- Traction elevators with gearbox
In this type of elevator, there is a gearbox connected to the motor that rotates the wheel that moves the ropes.
Gearbox traction elevators can travel at speeds of more than 500 feet per minute.
Gearless traction elevators
In this type of elevator, there is a very large wheel or pulley that is directly connected to the engine.
3. Winch lifts
Winch lifts are hung with steel chains or ropes and are driven by thrust.
4. Magnetic elevators
The rails and equipment act as stators, and the elevator motor and cab act as rotor.
5. Workshop elevators
They are used in towers and high-rise structures.
Types of elevators based on the type of buildings
Types of elevators are divided into several items based on the type of buildings:
-Special elevators for parking lots
-Industrial elevators
-Agricultural elevators
-Residential elevators
-Hospital elevators
Types of elevators based on the height of the building
1. Low-rise buildings
In this type of buildings, hydraulic elevators are used.
2. Medium height buildings
In this type of buildings, gearbox elevators are used.
3. High-rise structures
In this type of buildings, gearless elevators are used.
Important features for designing elevator types
- Hole mechanism
- Special uses
- Location of the elevator
- Building model
- Building height
- Sink mechanism
Types of elevators according to the structure of the well
Types of elevators are divided into the following categories according to the structure of the well:
- Glass elevators
- Lifting elevators
- Hydraulic lifts
- Traction elevators
Types of hospital elevators
1- Flat elevator
Flatbed elevators are generally used to transport patients who are often unable to move or get up. One of the characteristics of these elevators is their slow movement. These elevators consume very little electricity and They can also continue to work during power outages.
These elevators often have two entrances from the front and back.
2 - Stretcher elevators
These models of elevators have a smaller amount than flat elevators. These types of elevators are of hydraulic or traction model.
These elevators should have low noise and smooth and slow movement to move patients, doctors, nurses and hospital staff between floors.
What is a lift?
Lifts are tools used to move items and people between floors or to transport goods easily and quickly. There are different types of lifts, each with a special mechanism. Lifts are very different from cranes, lift truck and elevators and are divided into five main categories, which are:
1. Fixed accordion lifts
2. Straight jack lifts
3- Cable or chain lifts
4- Hydraulic-chain lifts
5. Lifts with fixed boom lift
1. Fixed accordion lifts
Fixed accordion lifts have the highest safety among all types of lifts, this model is called hydraulic table lift. Scissor arms, like accordion lifts, are opened apart by a hydraulic jack.
2. Straight jack lifts
In straight jack lifts, a hydraulic jack is attached under the load table to guide it upwards. In terms of capacity and safety, it is ranked after accordion lifts. These lifts are mostly used in stores and shops. If we use the cabin, they are also called hydraulic lifts.
3. Cable or chain lifts
The motor of the cable or chain connected to the platform causes the lift to move. The safety of this lift is very low and it has a small capacity. Cable or chain lifts are not used for lifting lifts in any way.
4- Hydraulic-chain or cable lifts
In hydraulic-chain or cable hoists, the movement starts from the chain wheel or cable pulley by means of a half-course hydraulic jack, and as a result, the force is transmitted to the workbench by chain or cable to travel the entire route.
5. Fixed boom lifts
In addition to providing vertical access, these lifts also provide horizontal access. They have a small capacity and are used to carry people.
Fixed accordion lifts, also called hydraulic tables, have the highest safety among all types of lifts. Scissor arms like this type of lift are opened by a hydraulic jack.
Types of electric or motor lifts
This type of lift is another model of lift that does not require arm force, and it is an electric motor that helps to transfer loads from one point to another by converting electrical energy into mechanical energy. Electric lifts are used to move the load quickly and continuously and repeatedly with different weight sizes as well as different speeds. The electric lift is controlled by a hanging keyboard that works with the knobs to move and stop and change direction.
The construction hoist uses an electric motor and a hydraulic motor. Hydraulic lifts have better performance than electric ones.
Lift components
The components of the lift types are:
High hook and low hook
Profile plate
Safety guarantor
Trolley
Load chain brake
Manual chains
Warning license plate
Body
Tirfor
The lift works completely manually and is one of the common lifts. This device is an elevator that with its metal lever and tow wire can move the load manually and continuously in two vertical and horizontal parts and ramps in different distances and areas by tow wire.
The important thing is that you always have to make sure that the Tirfor is correct, make sure it works, and then start working.
Types of lifts for moving loads in elevators
1- Manual lifts:
- Hand chain spools
- Tirfor
2. Hand chain spools
It can use hand chain pulleys to carry loads at short heights. The method of operation of the device is that the load is moved by pulling the chain manually. The chains of this pulley must be constantly monitored and also lubricated. If the chain has defects, it should be replaced as soon as possible. These objections are:
- Shine and complexity.
- Have hair cracks.
Very important points about carrying cargo with a construction lift
All warning signs must be installed inside the elevator shaft when using lifts. No one should enter the elevator shaft and the installers and technicians of the elevator should blind the doors of the floors from the outside so that no one enters and no one is in danger of death. The place to which the lift is attached must be able to support the weight of the lift and the load.
Be very careful where there is no sharp places where tow ropes and chains are used so as not to damage the equipment. Under no circumstances should two chain lifts (manual or motorized) be used to transfer a load. Always use one lift only once and it is better to use two lifts at the same time when each of the loads is on the same lift.
Today, in advanced companies, after completing the construction and ironwork to take the motor and other equipment to the elevator engine room in the same elevator shaft, they lift the elevators that are made by the same company and are designed exclusively for the same height of the elevator shaft. Has been.
It is better for the lifts that are used to have a governor and safety brakes, so that in case of dangerous accidents or the load is too heavy and the hydraulic lift is accelerated, that safety brake will work and any accident will be prevented.
If the surfaces to be crossed have a sharp and dangerous surface when moving the load and using tow wire or chains, it is better to use plastic layers to cover and insulate the chains. And special tow ropes for manual and electric elevators should be used to improve the safety of work and increase the lives of installers and workers of elevators and workshops.
Differences between elevator and construction lift
- The speed of the elevator starts from 0.7 m / s, but the speed of the lifts is from 0.20 m / s to 0.45 m / s.
- Elevators must have anti-fall security systems, so the cost of installation and operation is much higher than the lift.
- In places and buildings that have fewer floors and the speed of going up and down is not important, you can use different types of lifts, but in buildings that have a large number of floors and speed is very important, you should use the elevator.
- Elevators do not have a standard, but lifts can be insured. But the elevators are standard and also have insurance.
- In multi-storey buildings and houses where there is no elevator and also there is no space to create wells and motor homes, lifts can be used to move people and equipment.
- The cost of buying and installing all types of lifts is very low compared to elevators.
- Electricity consumption in lifts is lower than elevators.
- Lifts can be used in the spaces between the stairs, in front of the balconies of buildings.
Choosing the right sling
In order to choose the right sling, we must pay attention to the following items:
- Size
- Weight and shape
- Temperature
- Place
Sensitivity of the load and the environment in which the load is moved.
A hydraulic lift is better than an elevator
Hydraulic lifts can be used in older people's homes where there are no elevators in the buildings and it is difficult to dig holes for the elevator. One of the most important features of a hydraulic lift is the low purchase cost as well as the low installation cost in front of the elevator, which makes them more usable.
While the elevator costs more. More accessories and the use of hydraulic lifts is apparent. If we use the door and elevator car for hydraulic lifting, its security will be more. If you build a hydraulic lift with elevator accessories, it is less expensive and better than building an elevator.
